The megalithic sites of Carnac

These stones are a group of megalithic sites around the village of Carnac. They were erected by the pre-Celtic peoples of Brittany and would have served a variety of functions, including burial places, temples and alignments related to astronomical events. The collection was built from the late Neolithic to the early Iron Age, around 4000 BC.

There are about 3000 stones whose heights vary considerably, some reaching up to 6.5 meters (Géant du Manio).

The Carnac site in Brittany is famous for its megalithic alignments, which are among the most impressive and mysterious in Europe. Here are the main monuments of the Carnac site:

1. The Carnac Alignments

The Carnac alignments consist of several thousand menhirs (standing stones) spread over several kilometers. They are divided into three main groups:

• Ménec Alignments: This is the largest set with about 1,100 menhirs arranged in 11 rows. The stones vary in size, with the largest reaching up to 4 meters in height.
• Kermario Alignments: Comprising 982 menhirs in 10 rows, these alignments are particularly impressive due to the size and density of the stones.
• Kerlescan Alignments: This group contains about 555 menhirs in 13 rows and is the smallest of the three main sets.

2. The Giant of Manio

This is a large solitary menhir measuring about 6.5 meters in height, located near the Kermario alignments. It is one of the tallest in the region and is surrounded by local legends.

3. The Manio Quadrilateral

Near the Giant of Manio, there is a small set of stones forming a quadrilateral. It is often interpreted as a ceremonial site or a ritual space.

4. The Saint-Michel Tumuli

The Saint-Michel tumulus is an immense Neolithic burial mound. It measures approximately 125 meters long, 50 meters wide, and 12 meters high. On top, there is a chapel dedicated to Saint Michael.

5. The Dolmens

Several dolmens are also present in Carnac, with the most notable being:

• Kermario Dolmen: Located near the Kermario alignments, this dolmen is a funerary structure composed of large stone slabs.
• Crucuno Dolmen: Known for its large capstone, this dolmen is a typical megalithic tomb of the region.

6. Solitary Menhirs

In addition to the alignments, many solitary menhirs are scattered throughout the Carnac region. These isolated menhirs are often associated with local legends and myths.

Explanation and Mysteries

The Carnac alignments have given rise to numerous hypotheses about their function. Some of the theories include:

• Astronomical Function: The alignments might have served as an astronomical calendar or markers for observing the movements of the sun, moon, and stars.
• Rituals and Ceremonies: The alignments and menhirs could have been used for religious ceremonies or funerary rites.
• Symbols of Power: Erecting such structures might have been a demonstration of power and skill by Neolithic societies.

Despite extensive research, the true purpose of these structures remains largely a mystery.

Carnac is a fascinating archaeological site that continues to attract researchers and visitors from around the world, captivated by the history and enigmas of its ancient builders.